What type of research attempts to identify the active components of the treatment?

The correct choice here focuses on "Process" research, which is designed to delve into the mechanisms and specific elements that contribute to the therapeutic effects of an intervention. This type of research investigates the active components of a treatment to understand how and why it works. Identifying these components allows researchers and practitioners to refine and enhance treatment protocols, ensuring that interventions are both effective and efficient.

In contrast, "Functional" research typically looks at the broader impact of a treatment but does not focus solely on the specific components that produce results. "Clinical" research is primarily concerned with evaluating the overall effectiveness and safety of a treatment in a population rather than dissecting the individual elements of the treatment's effectiveness. "Outcome" research, while focused on the results of interventions, does not specifically address the mechanisms or active ingredients but instead assesses the overall outcomes achieved by patients after the treatment. Hence, "Process" research stands out as the approach specifically aimed at identifying those active components.