What term describes the outcome variable that is measured in an experiment?

The outcome variable that is measured in an experiment is referred to as the dependent variable. This term emphasizes that the variable’s value is expected to change as a result of manipulations or variations in other factors, specifically the independent variable. In experimental research, researchers systematically manipulate the independent variable to observe its effect on the dependent variable, thus establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. For instance, in a study evaluating the impact of different teaching methods on student performance, the students' test scores would be the dependent variable, as they depend on the type of teaching method applied.

The independent variable, in contrast, is the factor that is manipulated by the researchers. Extraneous variables are the additional factors that are not the focus of the study but could affect the results if not controlled. Control variables are those that are kept constant to ensure that the experiment measures the relationship between the independent and dependent variables without interference from external influences. Understanding these distinctions is fundamental in designing and interpreting experimental research appropriately.