What is the primary purpose of a literature review in experimental research?

The primary purpose of a literature review in experimental research is to summarize existing knowledge and justify the current study. This process involves critically evaluating and synthesizing previous research findings related to the topic at hand. Through this summarization, researchers can highlight gaps in existing knowledge, the significance of the research question, and how their study will contribute to the broader scientific community.

By demonstrating an understanding of the existing literature, researchers establish context for their work, showing how it builds on or deviates from past findings. This justification is essential for validating the need for the current study, and it helps to avoid duplication of research efforts while also guiding the design and methodology of the new experiment.

The other options, while they may relate to different aspects of research, do not capture the comprehensive role of a literature review. Identifying participants, compiling references, and proposing future research directions are important, but they do not encompass the central role of synthesizing and positioning the current study within the existing body of knowledge, which is crucial for a well-founded experimental research project.