What is the primary goal of using a comparison group in an experimental study?

In an experimental study, the primary goal of using a comparison group is to identify causal relationships. This is crucial because the comparison group allows researchers to observe the effects of an independent variable while controlling for other factors that may influence the outcome. By having a group that does not receive the experimental treatment, researchers can compare the results between the two groups and ascertain whether any observed differences in outcomes are indeed due to the treatment itself, thereby establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.

The comparison group serves as a baseline, enabling the identification of whether changes in the experimental group can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable rather than other external influences. This strengthens the internal validity of the study and provides a clearer understanding of the effectiveness of the intervention being tested.