What is external validity?

External validity refers to the degree to which the findings of a research study can be generalized beyond the specific circumstances of the study itself. This includes the ability to apply results to real-world situations, different populations, settings, or times outside of the experimental conditions. When a study has high external validity, it means that the conclusions drawn can reasonably be expected to hold true in other contexts, enhancing the overall impact and applicability of the research.

In the context of experimental research, it’s crucial to consider external validity when designing studies and when interpreting results. If the findings are only applicable under very narrow conditions or specific sample characteristics, the insights gained might be limited in usefulness for broader applications.

Other options may address various aspects of research but do not align with the definition of external validity. The accuracy of measuring instruments pertains more to the internal reliability and validity of measurements used within the study, while the likelihood of chance affecting results speaks to statistical significance and internal validity. The range of the sample relates to sampling techniques and potential biases rather than the generalizability of findings. Therefore, option B accurately captures the essence of external validity.