What does "sample size" refer to in the context of experimental research?

In experimental research, "sample size" specifically refers to the number of participants included in a study. This aspect is crucial because it directly affects the reliability and validity of the research findings. A larger sample size can provide more accurate estimates of the population parameters and increase the generalizability of the results. In contrast, a smaller sample size may lead to greater variability and potentially less reliable conclusions, making it difficult to ascertain the true effects being studied.

Focusing on the sample size is essential for statistical analyses, as it influences the power of the study—the ability to detect a true effect if it exists. Properly determining the appropriate sample size is a fundamental step in research design, allowing researchers to ensure that their findings are robust and can withstand scrutiny.